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  <div class="section" id="helper-functions">
<h1>Helper Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#helper-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Helpers, as the name suggests, help you with tasks. Each helper file is
simply a collection of functions in a particular category. There are <strong>URL
Helpers</strong>, that assist in creating links, there are <strong>Form Helpers</strong> that help
you create form elements, <strong>Text Helpers</strong> perform various text formatting
routines, <strong>Cookie Helpers</strong> set and read cookies, <strong>File Helpers</strong> help you
deal with files, etc.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-helper" id="id1">Loading a Helper</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-from-non-standard-locations" id="id2">Loading from Non-standard Locations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-a-helper" id="id3">Using a Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#extending-helpers" id="id4">“Extending” Helpers</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#now-what" id="id5">Now What?</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Unlike most other systems in CodeIgniter, Helpers are not written in an
Object Oriented format. They are simple, procedural functions. Each
helper function performs one specific task, with no dependence on other
functions.</p>
<p>CodeIgniter does not load Helper Files by default, so the first step in
using a Helper is to load it. Once loaded, it becomes globally available
in your <a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/views.html"><span class="doc">views</span></a>.</p>
<p>Helpers are typically stored in your <strong>system/Helpers</strong>, or
<strong>app/Helpers directory</strong>. CodeIgniter will look first in your
<strong>app/Helpers directory</strong>. If the directory does not exist or the
specified helper is not located there CI will instead look in your
global <em>system/Helpers/</em> directory.</p>
<div class="section" id="loading-a-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading a Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Loading a helper file is quite simple using the following method:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where <strong>name</strong> is the file name of the helper, without the .php file
extension or the “_helper” part.</p>
<p>For example, to load the <strong>Cookie Helper</strong> file, which is named
<strong>cookie_helper.php</strong>, you would do this:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cookie&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you need to load more than one helper at a time, you can pass
an array of file names in and all of them will be loaded:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">helper</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">&#39;cookie&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;date&#39;</span><span class="p">]);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>A helper can be loaded anywhere within your controller methods (or
even within your View files, although that’s not a good practice), as
long as you load it before you use it. You can load your helpers in your
controller constructor so that they become available automatically in
any function, or you can load a helper in a specific function that needs
it.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The Helper loading method above does not return a value, so
don’t try to assign it to a variable. Just use it as shown.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The URL helper is always loaded so you do not need to load it yourself.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loading-from-non-standard-locations">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Loading from Non-standard Locations</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-from-non-standard-locations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Helpers can be loaded from directories outside of <strong>app/Helpers</strong> and
<strong>system/Helpers</strong>, as long as that path can be found through a namespace that
has been set up within the PSR-4 section of the <a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/autoloader.html"><span class="doc">Autoloader config file</span></a>.
You would prefix the name of the Helper with the namespace that it can be located
in. Within that namespaced directory, the loader expects it to live within a
sub-directory named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Helpers</span></code>. An example will help understand this.</p>
<p>For this example, assume that we have grouped together all of our Blog-related
code into its own namespace, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Example\Blog</span></code>. The files exist on our server at
<strong>/Modules/Blog/</strong>. So, we would put our Helper files for the blog module in
<strong>/Modules/Blog/Helpers/</strong>. A <strong>blog_helper</strong> file would be at
<strong>/Modules/Blog/Helpers/blog_helper.php</strong>. Within our controller we could
use the following command to load the helper for us:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Modules\Blog\blog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The functions within files loaded this way are not truly namespaced.
The namespace is simply used as a convenient way to locate the files.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-a-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Using a Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-a-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Once you’ve loaded the Helper File containing the function you intend to
use, you’ll call it the way you would a standard PHP function.</p>
<p>For example, to create a link using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">anchor()</span></code> function in one of
your view files you would do this:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?=</span> <span class="nx">anchor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog/comments&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click Here&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where “Click Here” is the name of the link, and “blog/comments” is the
URI to the controller/method you wish to link to.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="extending-helpers">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">“Extending” Helpers</a><a class="headerlink" href="#extending-helpers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>To “extend” Helpers, create a file in your <strong>app/Helpers/</strong> folder
with an identical name to the existing Helper.</p>
<p>If all you need to do is add some functionality to an existing helper -
perhaps add a function or two, or change how a particular helper
function operates - then it’s overkill to replace the entire helper with
your version. In this case, it’s better to simply “extend” the Helper.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The term “extend” is used loosely since Helper functions are
procedural and discrete and cannot be extended in the traditional
programmatic sense. Under the hood, this gives you the ability to
add to, or to replace the functions a Helper provides.</p>
</div>
<p>For example, to extend the native <strong>Array Helper</strong> you’ll create a file
named <strong>app/Helpers/array_helper.php</strong>, and add or override
functions:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// any_in_array() is not in the Array Helper, so it defines a new function</span>
<span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">any_in_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$needle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$haystack</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="nv">$needle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">is_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$needle</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="nv">$needle</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">$needle</span><span class="p">];</span>

    <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$needle</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">in_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$haystack</span><span class="p">))</span>
        <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

<span class="c1">// random_element() is included in Array Helper, so it overrides the native function</span>
<span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">random_element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="nb">shuffle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">array_pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <strong>helper()</strong> method will scan through all PSR-4 namespaces defined in <strong>app/Config/Autoload.php</strong>
and load in ALL matching helpers of the same name. This allows any module’s helpers
to be loaded, as well as any helpers you’ve created specifically for this application. The load order
is as follows:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>app/Helpers - Files loaded here are always loaded first.</li>
<li>{namespace}/Helpers - All namespaces are looped through in the order they are defined.</li>
<li>system/Helpers - The base file is loaded last</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="now-what">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Now What?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#now-what" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In the Table of Contents, you’ll find a list of all the available <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html"><span class="doc">Helpers</span></a>.
Browse each one to see what they do.</p>
</div>
</div>


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