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  <div class="section" id="text-helper">
<h1>Text Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#text-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The Text Helper file contains functions that assist in working with Text.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="random_string">
<code class="descname">random_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'alnum'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$len = 8</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#random_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Randomization type</li>
<li><strong>$len</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Output string length</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A random string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates a random string based on the type and length you specify.
Useful for creating passwords or generating random hashes.</p>
<p>The first parameter specifies the type of string, the second parameter
specifies the length. The following choices are available:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong>alpha</strong>: A string with lower and uppercase letters only.</li>
<li><strong>alnum</strong>: Alphanumeric string with lower and uppercase characters.</li>
<li><strong>basic</strong>: A random number based on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mt_rand()</span></code> (length ignored).</li>
<li><strong>numeric</strong>: Numeric string.</li>
<li><strong>nozero</strong>: Numeric string with no zeros.</li>
<li><strong>md5</strong>: An encrypted random number based on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">md5()</span></code> (fixed length of 32).</li>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt><strong>sha1</strong>: An encrypted random number based on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sha1()</span></code> (fixed length of 40).</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last">
<li><strong>crypto</strong>: A random string based on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">random_bytes()</span></code>.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">random_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;alnum&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="increment_string">
<code class="descname">increment_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$separator = '_'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$first = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#increment_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
<li><strong>$separator</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Separator to append a duplicate number with</li>
<li><strong>$first</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Starting number</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An incremented string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Increments a string by appending a number to it or increasing the
number. Useful for creating “copies” or a file or duplicating database
content which has unique titles or slugs.</p>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;_&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file_1&quot;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file-2&quot;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file_4&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file_5&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="alternator">
<code class="descname">alternator</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#alternator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$args</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – A variable number of arguments</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Alternated string(s)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Allows two or more items to be alternated between, when cycling through
a loop. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">alternator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;string one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;string two&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can add as many parameters as you want, and with each iteration of
your loop the next item will be returned.</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">alternator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;two&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;three&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;four&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;five&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">To use multiple separate calls to this function simply call the
function with no arguments to re-initialize.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="reduce_double_slashes">
<code class="descname">reduce_double_slashes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#reduce_double_slashes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with normalized slashes</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Converts double slashes in a string to a single slash, except those
found in URL protocol prefixes (e.g., http&amp;#58;//).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com//index.php&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">reduce_double_slashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// results in &quot;http://example.com/index.php&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="strip_slashes">
<code class="descname">strip_slashes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#strip_slashes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Input string or an array of strings</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String(s) with stripped slashes</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Removes any slashes from an array of strings.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;question&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Is your name O\&#39;reilly?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;answer&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;No, my name is O\&#39;connor.&quot;</span>
<span class="p">];</span>

<span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">strip_slashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above will return the following array:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;question&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Is your name O&#39;reilly?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="s1">&#39;answer&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;No, my name is O&#39;connor.&quot;</span>
<span class="p">];</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">For historical reasons, this function will also accept
and handle string inputs. This however makes it just an
alias for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stripslashes()</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="reduce_multiples">
<code class="descname">reduce_multiples</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$character = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$trim = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#reduce_multiples" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Text to search in</li>
<li><strong>$character</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Character to reduce</li>
<li><strong>$trim</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to also trim the specified character</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Reduced string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Reduces multiple instances of a particular character occurring directly
after each other. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Fred, Bill,, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">reduce_multiples</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// results in &quot;Fred, Bill, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the third parameter is set to TRUE it will remove occurrences of the
character at the beginning and the end of the string. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,Fred, Bill,, Joe, Jimmy,&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">reduce_multiples</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// results in &quot;Fred, Bill, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="quotes_to_entities">
<code class="descname">quotes_to_entities</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#quotes_to_entities" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with quotes converted to HTML entities</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Converts single and double quotes in a string to the corresponding HTML
entities. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Joe&#39;s </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">dinner</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">quotes_to_entities</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Joe&amp;#39;s &amp;quot;dinner&amp;quot;&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="strip_quotes">
<code class="descname">strip_quotes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#strip_quotes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with quotes stripped</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Removes single and double quotes from a string. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Joe&#39;s </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">dinner</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">strip_quotes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Joes dinner&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="word_limiter">
<code class="descname">word_limiter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$limit = 100</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$end_char = '&amp;#8230;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_limiter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
<li><strong>$limit</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Limit</li>
<li><strong>$end_char</strong> (<em>string</em>) – End character (usually an ellipsis)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Word-limited string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Truncates a string to the number of <em>words</em> specified. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string consisting of eleven words.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">word_limiter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Returns:  Here is a nice</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The third parameter is an optional suffix added to the string. By
default it adds an ellipsis.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="character_limiter">
<code class="descname">character_limiter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$n = 500</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$end_char = '&amp;#8230;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#character_limiter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of characters</li>
<li><strong>$end_char</strong> (<em>string</em>) – End character (usually an ellipsis)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Character-limited string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Truncates a string to the number of <em>characters</em> specified. It
maintains the integrity of words so the character count may be slightly
more or less than what you specify.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string consisting of eleven words.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">character_limiter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Returns:  Here is a nice text string</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The third parameter is an optional suffix added to the string, if
undeclared this helper uses an ellipsis.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you need to truncate to an exact number of characters, please
see the <a class="reference internal" href="#ellipsize" title="ellipsize"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ellipsize()</span></code></a> function below.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="ascii_to_entities">
<code class="descname">ascii_to_entities</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ascii_to_entities" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with ASCII values converted to entities</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Converts ASCII values to character entities, including high ASCII and MS
Word characters that can cause problems when used in a web page, so that
they can be shown consistently regardless of browser settings or stored
reliably in a database. There is some dependence on your server’s
supported character sets, so it may not be 100% reliable in all cases,
but for the most part, it should correctly identify characters outside
the normal range (like accented characters).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ascii_to_entities</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="entities_to_ascii">
<code class="descname">entities_to_ascii</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$all = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#entities_to_ascii" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
<li><strong>$all</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to convert unsafe entities as well</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with HTML entities converted to ASCII characters</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function does the opposite of <a class="reference internal" href="#ascii_to_entities" title="ascii_to_entities"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ascii_to_entities()</span></code></a>.
It turns character entities back into ASCII.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="convert_accented_characters">
<code class="descname">convert_accented_characters</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#convert_accented_characters" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with accented characters converted</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Transliterates high ASCII characters to low ASCII equivalents. Useful
when non-English characters need to be used where only standard ASCII
characters are safely used, for instance, in URLs.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">convert_accented_characters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function uses a companion config file
<cite>app/Config/ForeignCharacters.php</cite> to define the to and
from array for transliteration.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="word_censor">
<code class="descname">word_censor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$censored</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$replacement = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_censor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
<li><strong>$censored</strong> (<em>array</em>) – List of bad words to censor</li>
<li><strong>$replacement</strong> (<em>string</em>) – What to replace bad words with</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Censored string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Enables you to censor words within a text string. The first parameter
will contain the original string. The second will contain an array of
words which you disallow. The third (optional) parameter can contain
a replacement value for the words. If not specified they are replaced
with pound signs: ####.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$disallowed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;darn&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shucks&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;golly&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;phooey&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span>     <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">word_censor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$disallowed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Beep!&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="highlight_code">
<code class="descname">highlight_code</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#highlight_code" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with code highlighted via HTML</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Colorizes a string of code (PHP, HTML, etc.). Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">highlight_code</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The function uses PHP’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">highlight_string()</span></code> function, so the
colors used are the ones specified in your php.ini file.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="highlight_phrase">
<code class="descname">highlight_phrase</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$phrase</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$tag_open = '&lt;mark&gt;'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$tag_close = '&lt;/mark&gt;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#highlight_phrase" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
<li><strong>$phrase</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Phrase to highlight</li>
<li><strong>$tag_open</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Opening tag used for the highlight</li>
<li><strong>$tag_close</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Closing tag for the highlight</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with a phrase highlighted via HTML</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Will highlight a phrase within a text string. The first parameter will
contain the original string, the second will contain the phrase you wish
to highlight. The third and fourth parameters will contain the
opening/closing HTML tags you would like the phrase wrapped in.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string about nothing in particular.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">highlight_phrase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;nice text&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#990000;&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above code prints:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">Here</span> <span class="nx">is</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">span</span> <span class="nx">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;color:#990000;&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">nice</span> <span class="nx">text</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nx">string</span> <span class="nx">about</span> <span class="nx">nothing</span> <span class="nx">in</span> <span class="nx">particular</span><span class="o">.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function used to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;strong&gt;</span></code> tag by default. Older browsers
might not support the new HTML5 mark tag, so it is recommended that you
insert the following CSS code into your stylesheet if you need to support
such browsers:</p>
<div class="last highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">mark</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="nx">background</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="c1">#ff0;</span>
    <span class="nx">color</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="c1">#000;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="word_wrap">
<code class="descname">word_wrap</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charlim = 76</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_wrap" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
<li><strong>$charlim</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Character limit</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Word-wrapped string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Wraps text at the specified <em>character</em> count while maintaining
complete words.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a simple string of text that will help us demonstrate this function.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">word_wrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="c1">// Would produce:</span>
<span class="c1">// Here is a simple string</span>
<span class="c1">// of text that will help us</span>
<span class="c1">// demonstrate this</span>
<span class="c1">// function.</span>

<span class="nx">Excessively</span> <span class="nx">long</span> <span class="nx">words</span> <span class="nx">will</span> <span class="nx">be</span> <span class="nb">split</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">but</span> <span class="nx">URLs</span> <span class="nx">will</span> <span class="k">not</span> <span class="nx">be</span><span class="o">.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="ellipsize">
<code class="descname">ellipsize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$max_length</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$position = 1</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$ellipsis = '&amp;hellip;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ellipsize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
<li><strong>$max_length</strong> (<em>int</em>) – String length limit</li>
<li><strong>$position</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Position to split at (int or float)</li>
<li><strong>$ellipsis</strong> (<em>string</em>) – What to use as the ellipsis character</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Ellipsized string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function will strip tags from a string, split it at a defined
maximum length, and insert an ellipsis.</p>
<p>The first parameter is the string to ellipsize, the second is the number
of characters in the final string. The third parameter is where in the
string the ellipsis should appear from 0 - 1, left to right. For
example. a value of 1 will place the ellipsis at the right of the
string, .5 in the middle, and 0 at the left.</p>
<p>An optional fourth parameter is the kind of ellipsis. By default,
&amp;hellip; will be inserted.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;this_string_is_entirely_too_long_and_might_break_my_design.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">ellipsize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Produces:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">this_string_is_e</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">hellip</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="nx">ak_my_design</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">jpg</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="excerpt">
<code class="descname">excerpt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$text</em>, <em>$phrase = false</em>, <em>$radius = 100</em>, <em>$ellipsis = '...'</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#excerpt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$text</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Text to extract an excerpt</li>
<li><strong>$phrase</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Phrase or word to extract the text around</li>
<li><strong>$radius</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of characters before and after $phrase</li>
<li><strong>$ellipsis</strong> (<em>string</em>) – What to use as the ellipsis character</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Excerpt.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function will extract $radius number of characters before and after the
central $phrase with an ellipsis before and after.</p>
<p>The first parameter is the text to extract an excerpt from, the second is the
central word or phrase to count before and after. The third parameter is the
number of characters to count before and after the central phrase. If no phrase
passed, the excerpt will include the first $radius characters with the ellipsis
at the end.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Ut vel faucibus odio. Quisque quis congue libero. Etiam gravida</span>
<span class="s1">eros lorem, eget porttitor augue dignissim tincidunt. In eget risus eget</span>
<span class="s1">mauris faucibus molestie vitae ultricies odio. Vestibulum id ultricies diam.</span>
<span class="s1">Curabitur non mauris lectus. Phasellus eu sodales sem. Integer dictum purus</span>
<span class="s1">ac enim hendrerit gravida. Donec ac magna vel nunc tincidunt molestie sed</span>
<span class="s1">vitae nisl. Cras sed auctor mauris, non dictum tortor. Nulla vel scelerisque</span>
<span class="s1">arcu. Cras ac ipsum sit amet augue laoreet laoreet. Aenean a risus lacus.</span>
<span class="s1">Sed ut tortor diam.&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">excerpt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$text</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Donec&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Produces:</p>
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">...</span> <span class="nx">non</span> <span class="nx">mauris</span> <span class="nx">lectus</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="nx">Phasellus</span> <span class="nx">eu</span> <span class="nx">sodales</span> <span class="nx">sem</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="nx">Integer</span> <span class="nx">dictum</span> <span class="nx">purus</span> <span class="nx">ac</span>
<span class="nx">enim</span> <span class="nx">hendrerit</span> <span class="nx">gravida</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="nx">Donec</span> <span class="nx">ac</span> <span class="nx">magna</span> <span class="nx">vel</span> <span class="nx">nunc</span> <span class="nx">tincidunt</span> <span class="nx">molestie</span> <span class="nx">sed</span>
<span class="nx">vitae</span> <span class="nx">nisl</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="nx">Cras</span> <span class="nx">sed</span> <span class="nx">auctor</span> <span class="nx">mauris</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">non</span> <span class="nx">dictum</span> <span class="nx">tortor</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="o">...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</div>
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